Oral Presentation 12th Australasian Virology Society Meeting 2024

Salt Gully virus: a novel henipavirus isolated from Australian pteropus bats (#31)

Jennifer A Barr 1 , Sarah Caruso 1 , Sarah Edwards 1 , Shawn Todd 1 , Ina Smith 2 , Mary Tachedjian 1 , Gary Crameri 1 , Linfa Wang 3 , Glenn Marsh 1
  1. CSIRO, East Geelong, VIC, Australia
  2. CSIRO, Canberra
  3. DUKE-NUS, Singapore

Henipaviruses are single-stranded negative-sense RNA viruses belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae and display broad host tropism. The original virus members, Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV), are highly pathogenic and lethal to humans. In 2012, the first non-pathogenic henipavirus, Cedar virus (CedV), was isolated from Australian bat urine and characterised. Recently, new henipavirus-like viruses with unknown pathogenicity have been discovered in bats, shrews, and rodents in other countries and have been classified in a new species Parahenipavirus. Here, we isolated a novel henipavirus designated Salt Gully virus (SGV) from Australian pteropus bat urine and characterised in vitro. Full length genome analysis was performed, and sequence identity compared to HeV and CedV. Furthermore, unlike the classical henipaviruses, we found SGV does not utilise either ephrin-B2 or ephrin-B3 as a receptor for host cell entry and was unable to grow in pig or primary horse cell lines. The risk of disease in animals and humans remains unknown and further studies in relevant animal models will be vital to understand disease-causing potential of this novel henipavirus.